Doolittle Raiders Patch WWII B-25 Mitchell Army Air Corps Jimmy Doolittle

Description

Beautiful and highly detailed Doolittle Raiders patch.  5 inches tall.
The
Doolittle Raid
, also known as the
Tokyo Raid
, was an air raid on 18 April 1942 by the United States on the Japanese capital
Tokyo
and other places on
Honshu
during
World War II
. It was the first air operation to strike the Japanese archipelago. Although the raid caused comparatively minor damage, It demonstrated that the Japanese mainland was vulnerable to American air attacks, served as retaliation for the 7 December 1941
attack on Pearl Harbor
, and provided an important boost to American morale. The raid was planned by, led by, and named after Lieutenant Colonel
James Doolittle
(later a Lieutenant General in the US Army Air Forces and the US Air Force Reserve).
Under the final plan, 16
B-25B Mitchell
medium bombers, each with a crew of five, were launched from the US Navy aircraft carrier
USS
Hornet
, in the Pacific Ocean, off Japan. There was to be no
fighter escort
. After bombing military and industrial targets in Japan, the B-25 crews were to continue westward to land in China.
The raid on Japan killed about 50 people and injured 400, including civilians. Damage to Japanese military and industrial targets was minimal but the raid had major psychological effects. In the United States, it raised morale; in Japan, it raised fear and doubt about the ability of military leaders to defend the home islands, but the bombing and strafing of civilians also steeled Japanese resolve to gain retribution, and this was exploited for propaganda purposes.
[4]
It also pushed forward Admiral
Isoroku Yamamoto
's plans to attack
Midway Island
in the Central Pacific, an attack that turned into a decisive defeat of the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) by the US Navy in the
Battle of Midway
. The consequences were most severely felt in China, where
Japanese reprisals
caused the deaths of 250,000 civilians and 70,000 soldiers.
[4]
[2]
Of the 16 USAAF crews involved, 14 complete crews of five returned to the United States or to US forces elsewhere, except for one who was killed in action.
[5]
[6]
Eight aviators were captured by Japanese forces in Eastern China and three of these were later executed. All but one of the B-25s were destroyed in crashes, while the 16th landed at
Vladivostok
, in the Soviet Union. Because the Soviet Union was not officially at war with Japan, it was required, under international law, to intern the bomber's crew for the duration of the war, and their B-25 was confiscated. However, within a year, the crew had been secretly allowed to leave the Soviet Union, under the guise of an escape, and returned to the United States, or US units elsewhere, by way of
Allied-occupied Iran
and North Africa.
Doolittle initially believed that the loss of all his aircraft would lead to his court-martial, but he instead received the
Medal of Honor
and was promoted two ranks to brigadier general. (Wikipedia)
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